JRT: 

 

• Is a safe, cost-effective, natural, non-surgical, joint repairing therapy 

 

• It is an anti-inflammatory, tissue restorative, oxygen-ozone, homeopathic injection technique designed for the treatment of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain 

 

• Is excellent for all forms of joint and musculoskeletal pain, including chronic neck and back pain, degenerated discs, rotator cuff injuries, degenerative, arthritic hips and knees, as well as shoulder, elbow, wrist, and ankle pain 

 

• Corrects the underlying pathology of the disorder, thus there is a 75% chance for the chronic pain sufferer to becoming permanently pain free 

 

• Stimulates the body’s natural mechanisms for healing 

 

• Promotes the growth of new connective tissue that strengthens weakened joint cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and stabilizes chronically injured joints 

 

• Treats any joint in the body, and can restore joint integrity and relieve pain 

 

• Can help relieve pain from spinal disc problems, low back pain, sciatica, shoulder pain, elbow pain, hip pain, knee pain, wrist pain, and ankle pain, such as that caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, meniscus and intervertebral disc damage, infection, trauma from accidents and/or sports injuries, etc. 

 

• Promotes the repair and tightening of lax (loose) joint structures, partially torn connective tissue, cartilage, ligaments and tendons 

 

• Stops the inflammation and pain cycle 

 

• Allows for development of a healing environment within the joint, and ultimately results in increased range of motion, and decreased inflammation and pain 

 

Exosomes: Natural Cellular Communication

 

Exosomes are nano-scale, extracellular vesicles that are extremely small, membrane-enclosed balls about one-thousandth the size of a cell, which contain the biologic messaging materials of their parent cells.

 

They are produced by virtually every type of cell in the body as a means of intercellular communication.  Exosomes contain proteins, such as enzymes, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, peptides, receptors, transcription factors, and matrix proteins that govern cell structure, function, and signaling.  They also contain messenger-RNA (mRNA), the blueprint for protein production, and micro-RNA (miRNA), an important intracellular signaling mediator.

 

Having a similar membrane to their parent cells, exosomes protect the encapsulated proteins, mRNA, and miRNA from degradation until they are delivered to a target cell.

 

When exosomes deliver their contents to target cells, the exosomal proteins have direct effects on intracellular processes and signaling.  Exosomal mRNA is translated by the cell to produce numerous copies of proteins that influence target cell behavior, signaling, and its own exosome production.  Exosomal miRNA influences target cell protein production by interacting with the translation of specific mRNAs, and reducing the production of the corresponding proteins.

 

Incorporation of parent cell exosomal proteins and RNA into target cells also influences the production of exosomes by the target cells.  The exosomes that are produced by the target cells, after internalization of the parent cell exosomal contents, will then have secondary effects on other cells via continued, intercellular communication.  

 

These cascading, cellular effects may be responsible for the more sustained biologic effects seen with exosomes than is observed with the types of proteins contained in PRP (Platelet-Enriched Plasma), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or amniotic fluid alone.

 

MSC Exosomes: Powerful Regenerative Potential

 

In nature, exosomes produced by neonatal, placental and umbilical cord, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the youngest stem cells in the connective tissue cellular lineage, support the development of tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligaments, tendons, skin, and hair.

 

The innate function of placental and umbilical cord, MSC exosomes is to support the development of the fetus by reducing inflammation in utero, preventing rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system, promoting vasculogenesis (new blood vessel formation), stimulating cell growth and division, and suppressing oncogenesis (tumor formation).  

 

In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the intrinsic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory (immune system balancing), anti-apoptotic (healthy cell preservation), anti-fibrotic (scarring prevention), and pro-angiogenic (new blood vessel formation) properties of the placental and umbilical cord, MSC exosomes.

 

Placental and umbilical cord, MSC Exosomes are unique among exosomes in that they contain the highest levels of immuno-modulatory and regenerative growth factors with the greatest capacity to stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissues.

 

For this reason, research scientists have begun to explore potential roles of exogenous MSC exosomes for tissue preservation and regeneration.

 

Because they originate from mesenchymal stem cells, MSC exosomes are very different from exosomes produced by other cells, and have much greater potential for a broad range of clinical applications.

 

For example, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which give rise to different types of blood cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, e.g., basophils, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), produce exosomes that, in nature, stimulate production of blood cells.  These HSC exosomes, which may be found in bone marrow and spleen, have innate biologic properties that may reduce inflammation, modulate the immune system, and influence intracellular decisions to improve cell survival.

 

Unlike MSC exosomes, HSC exosomes do not provide the protein and RNA contents that promote the synthesis of connective tissue matrix.  The same thing is true for epithelial cell exosomes, which are the predominant type of exosomes found in amniotic fluid.  

 

Preclinical research using MSC exosomes seems to indicate that they may be very well suited for clinical research in applications, such as restoring damaged connective tissue matrix like the collagen in the dermis (skin), and the cartilage in joints and related tissues.